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The U.S. Navy's "Dulmen"-class aircraft carrier suffered damage following a collision with a ship in the Mediterranean.

The U.S. Navy recovered an EA-18G "Whale Shark" electronic warfare aircraft that had sunk off the coast of California.

According to U.S. media reports, since the start of the year, numerous accidents have occurred within the U.S. military, involving multiple branches of the armed forces. These incidents, which are complex in cause and costly in terms of loss, highlight significant issues with management and readiness levels.

4.年初事故頻發(fā)

A report states that at the beginning of the year, the U.S. Air Force's F-35A fighter experienced an accident. On January 28, a U.S. Air Force F-35A fighter based at the 354th Air Lot at Erosion Air Base in Alaska crashed during training, with severe damage to the aircraft.

On January 29, a U.S. Army UH-60 "Black Hawk" helicopter, part of the 12th Air Operations Command, crashed during nighttime training near a civilian jet operated by a U.S. airline near Los Angeles International Airport. All personnel on board perished.

On February 6, a small aircraft, rented by the U.S. Department of Defense, crashed shortly after takeoff from the Philippines' Macutan Airport. The aircraft suffered severe damage and crashed in the South Maguana Dhuilin region. The four crew members, including three defense承包商 and one U.S. Navy Land Warrior electronic戰(zhàn) specialist, lost their lives.

On February 12, an EA-18G "Whale Shark" electronic warfare aircraft went down in the California waters near San Diego Port. Earlier that day, the U.S. Navy's "Dulmen"-class aircraft carrier suffered damage above water in the Mediterranean's eastern region and was forced to sail to Greece's Crete island for repairs. Despite claims that no casualties or nuclear waste was released, the visible cracks on the ship caused embarrassment for the U.S. military.

While the U.S. military was investigating these accidents and dealing with public Relations pressure, further reports emerged revealing additional safety issues and problems. For instance, the "Stok戴爾"號 destroyer was forced to dock in Japan's Hokkaido port due to system and component failures while en route to the carrier. The U.S. Secretary of State's plane also suffered an in-flight mechanical failure, sparking criticism over the readiness of U.S. air force equipment. On February 15, a MV-22 "Yeehaw" tilt-rotor Chinook helicopter crashed in the Philippines, drawing worldwide attention. Additionally, the U.S. Air Force has decided to delay the development and deployment of the "Sounding Tower" missile system due to budget constraints and insufficient technical resources, while also revealing that all members of the U.S. Navy's洛杉磯-class submarine unit in Guam were overdue for maintenance, causing the unit to halt operations.

暴露更深層的問題

F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機墜機事故引發(fā)外界對其性能存疑。美國空軍內(nèi)部官員透露，該型戰(zhàn)斗機存在百多項設(shè)計缺陷，而美國政府和軍工企業(yè)仍在"一邊發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，一邊繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)"。此次事故表明，此前的停飛和改進措施未能徹底解決問題。

UH-60直升機與客機相撞事故凸顯了美軍在管理和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的漏洞。特朗普和美國國防部長海格塞斯均表示，"事故責(zé)任主要在軍方"，并指出"UH-60直升機在飛行過程中嚴重超限，且飛行員在塔臺提醒后仍不遵守200英尺（約合60米）的飛行限高要求"。美國政府效率部負責(zé)人指出，經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，里根機場的空中交通管制系統(tǒng)和航空管理局的安全通知系統(tǒng)技術(shù)落后，尤其是后者曾出現(xiàn)數(shù)小時故障，"極易引發(fā)更大災(zāi)難"。

EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機墜海、艦艇故障及裝備超齡等問題，進一步暴露了美軍裝備老化的現(xiàn)實情況。有美國海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊飛行員抱怨，EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機的服役時間已超過30年。在美軍現(xiàn)役裝備中，70%的海軍艦艇和40%的戰(zhàn)機已超過設(shè)計壽命的50%，相關(guān)維護嚴重滯后。而"杜魯門"號航母的航海長"誤將商船的桅桿燈識別為港口系泊浮筒指示燈"、航母作戰(zhàn)信息中心的雷達操作員在工作期間觀看NBA比賽等情況，則反映出美軍人員職業(yè)素養(yǎng)和專業(yè)技術(shù)水平下滑。

美軍高強度軍事行動導(dǎo)致裝備和人員長時間超負荷運轉(zhuǎn)，也是事故頻發(fā)的重要原因。以"杜魯門"號航母為例，在發(fā)生撞船事故前，該航母已在紅海連續(xù)部署8個月，艦載機起降頻次超過設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的30%。此前在紅海執(zhí)行部署任務(wù)的"艾森豪威爾"號和"羅斯福"號航母也面臨類似情況。在印太地區(qū)部署的MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機，為滿足美軍印太戰(zhàn)略需要，年均飛行小時數(shù)比本土同型號運輸機高出40%，被美國媒體形容為"陷入嚴重透支狀態(tài)"。外媒評論認為，美軍多個軍兵種接連發(fā)生安全事故，與其兵力分散、長期處于高強度戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)有關(guān)。從當(dāng)前調(diào)查結(jié)果看，這一系列事件更暴露出美軍在管理、建設(shè)和戰(zhàn)備方面的深層問題。

負面效應(yīng)外溢

目前，美國政府和國防部已針對軍機艦船事故采取集中應(yīng)對措施，但負面效應(yīng)仍持續(xù)擴散。

美國部分媒體和民眾對軍方表達強烈不滿。他們認為，在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟疲軟的形勢下，美國軍費仍維持較高增幅，安全事故頻發(fā)"削弱了民眾對軍隊的信任"。隨著調(diào)查深入及美國兩黨在軍費開支上分歧加劇，特朗普政府的軍事政策可能受到掣肘。

美國傳統(tǒng)軍工企業(yè)也面臨較大壓力。2024年波音公司的危機尚未平息，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機的安全事故可能加劇國內(nèi)外對洛克希德·馬丁等美國軍火公司的不信任。尤其是F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機作為主力外銷產(chǎn)品，安全性能不穩(wěn)定可能影響其在國際市場上的聲譽。

相關(guān)事故還引發(fā)美軍駐海外國家民眾的擔(dān)憂。韓國、日本、菲律賓等國民眾舉行集會，要求本國政府審查美國駐軍的安全問題。部分國家的媒體呼吁政府重新評估F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機等軍機的采購合同。有美軍人士擔(dān)憂，這些情況可能影響美國與盟國關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定性。

（中國國防報）