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The U.S. Navy's杜魯門 class aircraft carrier suffered significant damage after colliding with a ship en route to the Mediterranean.

The U.S. Navy conducted salvage operations to retrieve a crashed EA-18G "Prowler" electronic warfare aircraft that fell off a cliff in California.

According to U.S. media reports, military accidents involving both naval and aerial units have become increasingly frequent since early this year. These incidents, which are costly and severe, highlight significant shortcomings in U.S. military management and readiness.

Accidents have become a recurring issue at the start of the year.

A report indicates that the U.S. Air Force's F-35A fighter experienced its first crash on January 28, during training exercises at the Alaska Air Force Base's 354th Fighter Wing.

On January 29, a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter operated by the U.S. Army fell into a crash with a commercial jet, both planes losing all crew members near the Reagan International Airport.

On February 6, a U.S. Department of Defense租用的比奇350型客機(jī)從菲律賓馬尼拉起飛后因機(jī)械故障墜毀于南馬京達(dá)瑙省。機(jī)上4人全部遇難，包括3名美國(guó)防務(wù)承包商和一名美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)電子戰(zhàn)專家。據(jù)報(bào)道，該機(jī)原計(jì)劃前往棉蘭老島執(zhí)行秘密任務(wù)。

On February 12, an EA-18G "Prowler" electronic warfare aircraft crashed near San Diego Port while a U.S. Navy Enterprise Carrier, the杜魯門號(hào), also suffered collisions in the Mediterranean, suffering water damage above the waterline. Despite efforts to repair the ship, it had visible cracks on its hull, leading to a public relations crisis.

While the U.S. military is focused on investigating accidents and managing public relations, additional safety issues have been exposed. For example, the "Stok戴爾"號(hào) destroyer was forced to halt operations in Japanese Hamamatsu Port due to system and component failures, while the U.S.國(guó)務(wù)卿's Air Force plane also encountered technical difficulties, sparking questions about the readiness of U.S. military hardware. On February 15, a MV-22魚鷹傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī) in the Philippines crashed during an emergency landing, drawing widespread attention. Furthermore, the U.S. Air Force decided to delay the completion of the "Sentry" land-based洲際彈道導(dǎo)彈 system due to budget constraints and insufficient technical support, while a U.S. Navy submarine unit stationed in Guam was reported to have all its members exceeding their contractual service life, leading to a logistical impasse.

These incidents expose deeper problems within the U.S. military.

作為美軍新一代裝備平臺(tái)的代表，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的事故引起了外界對(duì)其性能的質(zhì)疑。美國(guó)空軍內(nèi)部人士透露，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)已發(fā)現(xiàn)超過100項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)缺陷，而美國(guó)政府和軍工企業(yè)仍在"在發(fā)現(xiàn)新問題的同時(shí)繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)"。此次事故表明，先前的停飛和改進(jìn)措施未能真正解決問題。

UH-60直升機(jī)與客機(jī)相撞的事故凸顯了美軍在管理和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的漏洞。特朗普和美國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)海格塞斯均表示，"事故責(zé)任主要在軍方"，并指出"UH-60直升機(jī)在飛行過程中嚴(yán)重超限，且飛行員在塔臺(tái)提醒后仍無視200英尺（約合60米）的飛行限高要求"。美國(guó)政府效率部負(fù)責(zé)人稱，經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，里根機(jī)場(chǎng)的空中交通管制系統(tǒng)和航空管理局的安全通知系統(tǒng)技術(shù)落后，尤其是后者曾出現(xiàn)數(shù)小時(shí)故障，"極易引發(fā)更大災(zāi)難"。

EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)墜海、艦艇故障及裝備超齡等問題，進(jìn)一步暴露了美軍裝備老化的現(xiàn)實(shí)。有美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)飛行員抱怨，EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)的服役時(shí)間已超過30年。在美軍現(xiàn)役裝備中，70%的海軍艦艇和40%的戰(zhàn)機(jī)已超過設(shè)計(jì)壽命的50%，相關(guān)維護(hù)嚴(yán)重滯后。而"杜魯門"號(hào)航母的航海長(zhǎng)"誤將商船的桅桿燈識(shí)別為港口系泊浮筒指示燈"、航母作戰(zhàn)信息中心的雷達(dá)操作員在工作期間觀看NBA比賽等情況，則反映出美軍人員職業(yè)素養(yǎng)和專業(yè)技術(shù)水平下滑。

美軍高強(qiáng)度軍事行動(dòng)導(dǎo)致裝備和人員長(zhǎng)時(shí)間超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，也是事故頻發(fā)的重要原因。以"杜魯門"號(hào)航母為例，在發(fā)生撞船事故前，該航母已在紅海連續(xù)部署8個(gè)月，艦載機(jī)起降頻次超過設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的30%。此前在紅海執(zhí)行部署任務(wù)的"艾森豪威爾"號(hào)和"羅斯福"號(hào)航母也面臨類似情況。在印太地區(qū)部署的MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)，為滿足美軍印太戰(zhàn)略需要，年均飛行小時(shí)數(shù)比本土同型號(hào)運(yùn)輸機(jī)高出40%，被美國(guó)媒體形容為"陷入嚴(yán)重透支狀態(tài)"。外媒評(píng)論認(rèn)為，美軍多個(gè)軍兵種接連發(fā)生安全事故，與其兵力分散、長(zhǎng)期處于高強(qiáng)度戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)有關(guān)。從當(dāng)前調(diào)查結(jié)果看，這一系列事件更暴露出美軍在管理、建設(shè)和戰(zhàn)備方面的深層問題。

負(fù)面效應(yīng)外溢

目前，美國(guó)政府和國(guó)防部已針對(duì)軍機(jī)艦船事故采取集中應(yīng)對(duì)措施，但負(fù)面效應(yīng)仍持續(xù)擴(kuò)散。

美國(guó)部分媒體和民眾對(duì)軍方表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈不滿。他們認(rèn)為，在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟的形勢(shì)下，美國(guó)軍費(fèi)仍維持較高增幅，安全事故頻發(fā)"削弱了民眾對(duì)軍隊(duì)的信任"。隨著調(diào)查深入及美國(guó)兩黨在軍費(fèi)開支上分歧加劇，特朗普政府的軍事政策可能受到掣肘。

美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)軍工企業(yè)也面臨較大壓力。2024年波音公司的危機(jī)尚未平息，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)的安全事故可能加劇國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)洛克希德·馬丁等美國(guó)軍火公司的不信任。尤其是F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)作為主力外銷產(chǎn)品，安全性能不穩(wěn)定可能影響其在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的聲譽(yù)。

相關(guān)事故還引發(fā)美軍駐海外國(guó)家民眾的擔(dān)憂。韓國(guó)、日本、菲律賓等國(guó)民眾舉行集會(huì)，要求本國(guó)政府審查美國(guó)駐軍的安全問題。部分國(guó)家的媒體呼吁政府重新評(píng)估F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)等軍機(jī)的采購(gòu)合同。有美軍人士擔(dān)憂，這些情況可能影響美國(guó)與盟國(guó)關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定性。

（劉澄）