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The U.S. Navy's "Dulmen"-class aircraft carrier suffered damage following a collision with a ship in the Mediterranean.

The U.S. Navy recovered an EA-18G "Whale Shark" electronic warfare aircraft that had sunk off the coast of California.

According to U.S. media reports, since the start of the year, numerous accidents have occurred within the U.S. military, involving multiple branches of the armed forces. These incidents, which are complex in cause and costly in terms of loss, highlight significant issues with management and readiness levels.

4.年初事故頻發(fā)

A report states that at the beginning of the year, the U.S. Air Force's F-35A fighter experienced an accident. On January 28, a U.S. Air Force F-35A fighter based at the 354th Air Lot at Erosion Air Base in Alaska crashed during training, with severe damage to the aircraft.

On January 29, a U.S. Army UH-60 "Black Hawk" helicopter, part of the 12th Air Operations Command, crashed during nighttime training near a civilian jet operated by a U.S. airline near Los Angeles International Airport. All personnel on board perished.

On February 6, a small aircraft, rented by the U.S. Department of Defense, crashed shortly after takeoff from the Philippines' Macutan Airport. The aircraft suffered severe damage and crashed in the South Maguana Dhuilin region. The four crew members, including three defense承包商 and one U.S. Navy Land Warrior electronic戰(zhàn) specialist, lost their lives.

On February 12, an EA-18G "Whale Shark" electronic warfare aircraft went down in the California waters near San Diego Port. Earlier that day, the U.S. Navy's "Dulmen"-class aircraft carrier suffered damage above water in the Mediterranean's eastern region and was forced to sail to Greece's Crete island for repairs. Despite claims that no casualties or nuclear waste was released, the visible cracks on the ship caused embarrassment for the U.S. military.

While the U.S. military was investigating these accidents and dealing with public Relations pressure, further reports emerged revealing additional safety issues and problems. For instance, the "Stok戴爾"號(hào) destroyer was forced to dock in Japan's Hokkaido port due to system and component failures while en route to the carrier. The U.S. Secretary of State's plane also suffered an in-flight mechanical failure, sparking criticism over the readiness of U.S. air force equipment. On February 15, a MV-22 "Yeehaw" tilt-rotor Chinook helicopter crashed in the Philippines, drawing worldwide attention. Additionally, the U.S. Air Force has decided to delay the development and deployment of the "Sounding Tower" missile system due to budget constraints and insufficient technical resources, while also revealing that all members of the U.S. Navy's洛杉磯-class submarine unit in Guam were overdue for maintenance, causing the unit to halt operations.

暴露更深層的問(wèn)題

F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)墜機(jī)事故引發(fā)外界對(duì)其性能存疑。美國(guó)空軍內(nèi)部官員透露，該型戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)存在百多項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)缺陷，而美國(guó)政府和軍工企業(yè)仍在"一邊發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，一邊繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)"。此次事故表明，此前的停飛和改進(jìn)措施未能徹底解決問(wèn)題。

UH-60直升機(jī)與客機(jī)相撞事故凸顯了美軍在管理和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的漏洞。特朗普和美國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)海格塞斯均表示，"事故責(zé)任主要在軍方"，并指出"UH-60直升機(jī)在飛行過(guò)程中嚴(yán)重超限，且飛行員在塔臺(tái)提醒后仍不遵守200英尺（約合60米）的飛行限高要求"。美國(guó)政府效率部負(fù)責(zé)人指出，經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)，里根機(jī)場(chǎng)的空中交通管制系統(tǒng)和航空管理局的安全通知系統(tǒng)技術(shù)落后，尤其是后者曾出現(xiàn)數(shù)小時(shí)故障，"極易引發(fā)更大災(zāi)難"。

EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)墜海、艦艇故障及裝備超齡等問(wèn)題，進(jìn)一步暴露了美軍裝備老化的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況。有美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)飛行員抱怨，EA-18G電子戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)的服役時(shí)間已超過(guò)30年。在美軍現(xiàn)役裝備中，70%的海軍艦艇和40%的戰(zhàn)機(jī)已超過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)壽命的50%，相關(guān)維護(hù)嚴(yán)重滯后。而"杜魯門(mén)"號(hào)航母的航海長(zhǎng)"誤將商船的桅桿燈識(shí)別為港口系泊浮筒指示燈"、航母作戰(zhàn)信息中心的雷達(dá)操作員在工作期間觀看NBA比賽等情況，則反映出美軍人員職業(yè)素養(yǎng)和專業(yè)技術(shù)水平下滑。

美軍高強(qiáng)度軍事行動(dòng)導(dǎo)致裝備和人員長(zhǎng)時(shí)間超負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，也是事故頻發(fā)的重要原因。以"杜魯門(mén)"號(hào)航母為例，在發(fā)生撞船事故前，該航母已在紅海連續(xù)部署8個(gè)月，艦載機(jī)起降頻次超過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的30%。此前在紅海執(zhí)行部署任務(wù)的"艾森豪威爾"號(hào)和"羅斯福"號(hào)航母也面臨類似情況。在印太地區(qū)部署的MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)，為滿足美軍印太戰(zhàn)略需要，年均飛行小時(shí)數(shù)比本土同型號(hào)運(yùn)輸機(jī)高出40%，被美國(guó)媒體形容為"陷入嚴(yán)重透支狀態(tài)"。外媒評(píng)論認(rèn)為，美軍多個(gè)軍兵種接連發(fā)生安全事故，與其兵力分散、長(zhǎng)期處于高強(qiáng)度戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)有關(guān)。從當(dāng)前調(diào)查結(jié)果看，這一系列事件更暴露出美軍在管理、建設(shè)和戰(zhàn)備方面的深層問(wèn)題。

負(fù)面效應(yīng)外溢

目前，美國(guó)政府和國(guó)防部已針對(duì)軍機(jī)艦船事故采取集中應(yīng)對(duì)措施，但負(fù)面效應(yīng)仍持續(xù)擴(kuò)散。

美國(guó)部分媒體和民眾對(duì)軍方表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈不滿。他們認(rèn)為，在當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟的形勢(shì)下，美國(guó)軍費(fèi)仍維持較高增幅，安全事故頻發(fā)"削弱了民眾對(duì)軍隊(duì)的信任"。隨著調(diào)查深入及美國(guó)兩黨在軍費(fèi)開(kāi)支上分歧加劇，特朗普政府的軍事政策可能受到掣肘。

美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)軍工企業(yè)也面臨較大壓力。2024年波音公司的危機(jī)尚未平息，F(xiàn)-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)的安全事故可能加劇國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)洛克希德·馬丁等美國(guó)軍火公司的不信任。尤其是F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)作為主力外銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品，安全性能不穩(wěn)定可能影響其在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上的聲譽(yù)。

相關(guān)事故還引發(fā)美軍駐海外國(guó)家民眾的擔(dān)憂。韓國(guó)、日本、菲律賓等國(guó)民眾舉行集會(huì)，要求本國(guó)政府審查美國(guó)駐軍的安全問(wèn)題。部分國(guó)家的媒體呼吁政府重新評(píng)估F-35A戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)和MV-22傾轉(zhuǎn)旋翼機(jī)等軍機(jī)的采購(gòu)合同。有美軍人士擔(dān)憂，這些情況可能影響美國(guó)與盟國(guó)關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定性。

（中國(guó)國(guó)防報(bào)）